'Buying NZ Property – Download the free sample readings!

NZ presents some of the most alluring property in the Western World; particularly given the greater easy of residency, the low cost of property, and the liveability of the country. In addition, there is no capital gains tax, transfer taxes, VAT/GST or wealth taxes in NZ, so rest assured that NZ property is tax-effective! Learn more now!

New Zealand Property Report 2010 - Download the table of contents or buy this 180-page report at our online store for just $US19.95.


Showing posts with label Privatisation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Privatisation. Show all posts

Monday, April 1, 2013

John Key on asset sales: Three Strikes And Your Out!!

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In both October 2011 and January 2012 ( a year ago) I alluded to the threat of a closure of the Rio Tinto alumina smelter, and the prospect of the smelter closure impacting on the electricity market, and the forthcoming power industry privatisation. It loomed at as a compelling reason for the NZ government not selling the power assets - probably the only reason. But given the market outlook its a big one. On the 23rd March 2013, I gave John Key a third warning. Now, I know this guy reads my blog posts because he seems to respond to everything I say. On this occasion however he showed utter contempt for my advice. So what's the problem? Aside from the adage "Three strikes and your out", the problem is that:

The spectre of the Rio Tinto aluminium smelter closing means that 11% of the nation's electricity consumption is handing over the market. That is a big problem for several reasons:
1. The nation's population growth is flat
2. We are in the midst of a recession

The fundamentals for asset sale otherwise look pretty good; but this disposition will remain the case for the foreseeable future. In fact, there is good reason for expecting a future government to increase immigration, and to perhaps expect more Kiwis to return home. There is also the prospect in 5-10 years to expect some offshore resource development, with all the onshore developments that are associated with energy processing. But that's a long way off. In the near-term, we are looking at 10 years of subdued energy demand. More worrisome for Key is the push for reform of the Resource Management Act, which would reduce the cost of installing new generating capacity. This is less of a concern for large capacity additions; but there might be perceived to be a 'pent-up demand' for mini-generators like private wind farms, solar concentrators, mini- and run-of-river hydro schemes. The wind farms are particularly appealing in NZ, given the falling costs of installation, and growing acceptance.

The implication is that Rio Tinto is effectively using the power privatisation issue to "extort" a concession. The deal looks like this:
1. The government subsidies Rio Tinto in the long term to stay
2. The government takes a hit on the asset sale price

Ultimately, it might not even be the government who pays. The government might be setting up a lot of voters for failure; or will it be its reputation. I suspect the pain will be less if it just accepted the lower return because at least it can say, Kiwis had the opportunity to buy the asset. He can also argue that 'they got the price it was worth'. Well, true 'today'. But who knows what a bit of policy could do in the future?

Notwithstanding the benefits of selling the asset, it makes more sense to retain it for the time being. It would not do Key's reputation any arm by delaying the sale for 5 years. Interest rates will stay low, so whilst the government is getting a 10-12% return on investment, they are only paying 4-5% interest on the public sector debt. In the meantime, they might be able to raise economic activity. In fact, the global economy should start looking a lot more positive by that time.

John, you need to listen more. If I've told you once, I've told you three time. False pride go'eth before a fall. Your prospects for a third term looks pretty bad. Thanks for the legacy! Defer the privatisation. Great ideas have their time. Your timing is wrong.

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Wednesday, January 4, 2012

The case for privatising NZ electricity assets

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According to the NZ Herald, Ernst and Young has produced a report which suggests NZ state-owned assets are reaping high returns; in fact higher returns than the median for private sector businesses. This poses a case of – why sell – when the public enterprises are more profitable, and the government has a lower ‘risk-free’ cost of capital than the private sector. There are problems with this analysis:

1. The fact that electricity assets are making huge earnings can actually be a good time to sell. The problem is that they are doing so because they are able to extort higher profits from the public because of poorly conceived self-regulatory electricity market. The NZEM is self-run and designed with private companies in mind. The implication is that these assets in private hands would lead to very high electricity prices, and either a lot of complaints by investors to re-regulate, or the high cost option of the govt buying back these assets. Think ahead NZ!

2. NZ’s economy is not growing, so you might reasonably expect these generators to use their market power to extract or ‘extort’ higher earnings from higher prices…because its not a competitive market, and the option-incentive for CEOs will be similarly driving all CEOs to make the same decision. The problem is CEOs have an expectation of driving higher profits. They can’t do that in NZ…so why are they not going overseas? Because they are too small, so hard to make profits. Most companies who invest abroad lose money.

3. Hydro-electricity assets are strategically important because no other substantial hydroelectric dams will be permitted by an ‘environmentally conscious’ NZ population. Hard to imagine any new dams being justified. More likely higher-cost wind capacity because its incremental, particularly with new molten-salt solar storage plants being under development. Expect solar wind farms around Nelson and greater island inter-connection.

4. There is a big overhang in the electricity market – the prospect of Rio Tinto not finding a buyer for their aluminium smelter, or the prospect of its closure in the next 5 years. This will result in 13% of NZ’s electricity demand ceasing to exist, so there is really no new demand for electricity in the short term. That means higher electricity prices on existing assets to justify lower sales. CEO’s will be forced to raise prices (since they can) to get higher salaries.

5. This of course underpins the ‘incentivisation’ idea of John Key. The idea that market discipline and ingenuity is going to see these CEOs extract higher returns. They will – but by mostly rising prices. Running a hydro plant is not rocket science!

The solution is to not sell hydroelectric power assets – except Solid Energy – which is a thermal project. The market is not a legitimately fair market regime, and the assets are politically sensitive in the sense that electricity costs are important for NZ’ers. If NZ wants to be competitive, this is not the way to go for small business or consumers. Next you will have to raise welfare benefits to adjust for higher electricity prices. It is really a hidden form of taxation. I’ve seen it all before in Australia.

“Labour says the Government delayed the release of the report until after Parliament rose for the holidays because it knew it undermined the economic case for partial privatisation”.[i]

Probably true; but then the Labour Party was too dumb to actually raise these concerns anyway. The argument was always there to be made, with or without the Ernst & Young analysis. In fact, I have made the case on Facebook, to the Labour member for Wanganui, and on my blogs. Doesn’t the Labour Party do its research? No, they seem to rely on policy from the top….and its all political ‘reactionary’ rhetoric. There are no analysts in the party…all party bureaucrats relying on analysis by government bureaucrats.

The fact that Mighty River earned a yield of 8.2% on its investment of course does not mean the asset will be sold for $3.5billion. However the fact that it’s a “no-growth” asset in terms of limited potential to build more dams because of environmental risks, and planning objections to wind farms, means any new capacity is high-initial-cost, but there is no population growth anyway. CEOs need incentives to stay in the job. You need to be sure there is no option incentive for CEOs to extort higher profits.

The problem I find is that NZ needs to have an intellectual debate about the values of this country. Either this is a socialist paradise or it’s a market economy. If you are looking at a ‘market economy’, then you need to look at foreign markets or increasing immigration. If you are looking at immigration, then it has to be significant volume to achieve growth in profits and asset values. That is what will retain people, and stop their movement abroad. This of course means NZ’ers need to come to terms with a NZ with a different cultural identity…this is the problem…most older NZ’ers don’t want this, so NZ is destined to remain a welfare state, with high costs and low-value opportunities.

Prime Minister John Key said the companies would "reap the benefits of sharper commercial disciplines, more transparency and greater external oversight".[ii]

Sorry, but this is not going to happen in a privatised market. Higher prices is what you can expect as the political pressures for lower prices evaporate. Greater external oversight? I doubt it. After privatising – the government is going to change the market structure? I doubt concerns about sovereign risk will allow it, and if the buyers are American, the FTA agreement will not allow it, i.e. They will sue the NZ govt. Of course if these assets are sold, then investors who retain these stocks will pay. My advice is take a stag ‘traders’ profit on these assets. Foreigners will not be interested in them. Too much sovereign risk.

“Ernst & Young's report shows the three companies have performed well compared to their private sector counterparts”. [iv]

That is because you are not comparing ‘like-with-like’. Other businesses can sell assets abroad. Australian power companies are servicing growth markets. You need to keep the context. When you buy a house in ‘no growth’ Wanganui, you expect a higher yield than ‘growing’ Auckland, i.e. Wanganui 12-13%, Auckland 5-6%. That is life, so expect 12% from these power assets; but these CEOs will push it higher to get an incentive bonus, so be very careful how the boards of these enterprises incentivise their executives.

Labour finance spokesman David Parker said the state-owned power companies' strong performance was "no surprise to me….This is further proof that these companies are already well run and profitable, and that they're not going to be better run as a consequence of private ownership…It further underscores that the only way these companies are going to make more money substantially is by increasing prices”. [vi]

True enough….but I suspect he does not know the reason why. It’s not because the yield is high or they are particularly well-run; it’s because they have the power to raise prices.

A recession and a self-regulated market context are not the right time to sell power assets. By all means sell Air NZ and Solid Energy, but again first eliminate the spectre of a 'carbon tax', as that nonsense science will only undervalue the Solid Energy assets. Empirical science is a scam. These scientists don't really understand their methodology. Such is the quality of public education. The biggest problem is the lack of critical thinking taught in our schools - public or 'religious dogma' inspired private schools. Privatise public schools by all means - but first discover rationality.

References

[i] “Government’s sell off-firms are top performers” by Adam Bennett, NZ Herald, website, Jan 5, 2012.

[ii] “Government’s sell off-firms are top performers” by Adam Bennett, NZ Herald, website, Jan 5, 2012.

[iv] “Government’s sell off-firms are top performers” by Adam Bennett, NZ Herald, website, Jan 5, 2012.

[vi] “Government’s sell off-firms are top performers” by Adam Bennett, NZ Herald, website, Jan 5, 2012.

Monday, February 14, 2011

Selling off NZ farm assets

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There are so many gross generalisations in this article supportive of privatising NZ assets and asset sales to foreigners.

Even if privatisation and asset sales are desirable, it does not mean NZ ought to be blaze about the process or results, and nor does it mean that market regulation cannot achieve a better outcome if properly implemented. NZ is not asset poor, it is income poor. The state of the Crafar balance sheet does not reflect the net or potential value of NZ generally. If the country can achieve population growth or global growth, there is really no problem if the govt does not artificially stimulate a housing bubble. Just because Telecom management has improved does not mean the process could not have been managed better.

There is the generalisation that foreigners bring expertise. That is not a given. Often its silly ‘bubble entrepreneurs’ buying in, who only bring money. They overpay for assets, they often have no farming expertise, and they often go broke because they are speculators. Is that a good thing? In the short term, it can mean high prices, but it might result in those farms being sold off to property developers.

In the 1980s, Telecom was government-owned, not privately owned, so that is striking at a straw man. It would make more sense to compare an Australian privatised concern with one which is now Singaporean. An example fails me.

Foreigners are buying commodity based assets because there is a commodities boom. You are suggesting they sell these assets before the boom spreads to food. How good is your investment sense? You would have them retain paper money during inflation, or pay off loans? Tangible physical assets should be held in this period as money is debased.

It is not a lack of capital investment which is the cause of capital investment in NZ, its the small size of the market. This means that Vodafone and Telecom need not worry about competition because they know that no other player is going to compete with their extensive networks, so why do they need to ‘over-capitalise’ their networks. Its a strategic decision that has nothing to do with public or private, but collusion, whether public or private.

Wednesday, December 8, 2010

Sale of NZ state-owned assets

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John Key's National Party government has signalled that it will privatise state owned assets in its next term in government. The assets it has signalled for sale are mostly the power assets:
1. Might River Power
2. Solid Energy
3. Genesis Energy

It seems like the government intends to retain ownership of the hydro assets for the time being. A government has conducted a study of the value of these assets, and believes that Solid Energy is only worth half of the $3.5 billion attributed to the entity by Solid Energy executives. I tend to agree with Solid Energy. The company has some significant assets, though central and state ownership of those assets can only hinder their commercial value. Consider the projects:
1. Coal resources & Huntly power station - The power station must be worth $300mil alone.
2. Southland lignite resources - important source of feedstock for export coal business given recent developments in compressed coal bricks. I think this resource is very valuable, and the only reason to be conservative is the technology risk. It will assist the government to wait until this technology is proven in Vietnam, where a Vietnamese govt JV with the University of Melbourne is testing the technology on the Red River lignite deposits. I suspect Solid Energy will do its only testwork.
3. Coal seam gas potential - important given the declining availability of offshore resources. This could change however in the next 10 years. This potential is probably worth anywhere from $150 to $500 million.

I can agree that the valuation of Solid Energy is probably a little on the high side; but then it might have assets I am not aware of. There needs to be a closer look. I suspect the government had an accountant study it, and you don't do that. Accountants only look at cashflows and their prospect of being extended. They are too conservative. They cannot see over the horizon. They tend to be an anti-conceptual lot. I remember trying to sell a mining company to a fund manager. He was more interested in the 'advanced' project for which we had a cashflow model than the gold project with very exciting drilling intersections. Today, the 'advanced' project is still on the backburner, and the gold project is being constructed. Why? Because he had no idea about which way commodity prices were going, he had no ideas about technology/development risk, and he was suspicious of anything without a cashflow model. They need quantitative data. Whereas a geologist/mining engineer needs as little as a few well-placed drill holes and some structural information (at the least). Gold is going to $2500/oz. Does he believe it? No. People are sceptical of what they don't understand. Accountants enter the world only with a little life experience and quantitative analytical skills which are dependent upon conceptual knowledge. They are only 'half a brain' really. That is why I studied geology, mining engineering and accounting/finance. My lecturers praised my judgement. But really, it only reflected my life experience up until that point. I was visiting mind sites when I was 14 years old, and I was trading mining stocks since I was 11yo.
If you want to do your child a favour - buy them $1000 worth of stock each in Vital Metals (ASX.VML), MIL Resources (ASX.MGK) and Union Resources (ASX.UCL). Use a lottery game to distribute the stock, to create some competitiveness between them. Soon they will be wanting to get a newspaper run to raise more money to buy more stock. Of course, you could always buy these stocks yourself. You're never too old to learn 'money makes money'. The lesson of timing will take longer to learn. That requires studying charting (i.e. technical analysis).

Why am I suggesting that NZ'ers buy stocks in Australia? The reason is because over the next 15 years the NZD is going to be left behind. Thereafter it will probably start to close the gap, but not before more Kiwis will leave for Australia. The mining industry offers the best exposure to the Chinese/Indian boom, which will go for another 20 years. Why? Because they have a lot of under-utilised labour. That is fueling demand. It will take off again as soon as the global debt inventory is absorbed/recapitalised.

Thursday, August 26, 2010

NZ Privatisation - on whose terms?

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Surprise surprise! NZ's self-proclaimed 'leading' investment banker is an advocate of privatisation. In this latest article he wants to see the National Party prepare state owned enterprises for sale. The government has said they will only do this in their 2nd term.
I personally have no privatisation of state assets. In fact I am so keen on privatisation that I would like to see the police force, post offices, even judicial services privatised. I see no reason why we shouldn't privatise everything....oh, except one! The problem is that the people overseeing the process have no personal credibility when it comes to moral values.
I have yet to see a privatisation program which was structured in the interests of the public, who purportedly own these assets. It was all about the major stakeholders, namely:
1. The government
2. The investment bankers
3. The lawyers
4. The brokers
5. The foreign buyers
The taxpayer really comes a slim last with consideration. They will certainly get the long term benefits that arise from greater market dynamism, but even the competitive advantages are often slim. Here is why? Naturally competitive markets are a rich tapestry of competing interests, i.e. There will be some corporations who integrate gas and electricity, others who might vertically integrate coal mining and power generation, and still others who might combine power and retailing, even engineering consulting, or operations overseas. When we have investment bankers organising asset sales, they go:
1. Every corporation gets a gas generator, a hydro generator, or maybe they decide instead,
2. Every corporation specialises in a certain 'species' of generating plant, whether gas, coal or wind.
The implication is that all companies look at the same, so there is very little basis for 'price differentiation', or they asset holders become specialised, so the least advantageous, say coal-fired power generators are cross-subsidised by the others.
The reason why this is important is that it determines the quality of your privatisation outcome. If there is no basis for price differentiation, you get a lot or collusion among the parties with any competition being cheap rhetoric. If the assets are sold as specialised packages, then you get stratified asset operating costs, which results in one more expensive producer being carried by the others. i.e. In NZ, 75% of generating plant operates at near-zero cost, whilst 15% are expensive gas-fired plants. These gas-fired plants set the price at the margin. Prices can drop off-peak only so low as to knock the gas-fired producers out of the market.
The implication of this is:
1. Investment bankers get paid more for delivering the outcome which is good for government - higher asset prices so they can get pay for what they want to pay. In the process they leave taxpayers with a market structure which results in high prices, low competition, or high collusion.
2. The government gets to pay off debt, gets to distance itself from the industry. i.e. It can blames executives for their high prices, knowing it can do nothing to intervene.
3. Foreigners often get cheap assets because there is a shortage of buyers for such assets. Often these markets are risky, because they are still quasi-government owned, and they are still developmental in terms of market maturity.
It might simply be easier and better for the government to corporatise these assets, then say to the directors that they can have 5% of any profits they can deliver over their previous profit. Or to say that the company who exceeds their counterparts, gets 10% of any profit advantage. Of course you would have to start with a level playing field, and you would have to strip out the effect of fuel cost variability. It might just be a more favourable precursor to privatisation. It would allow the government to sell efficiently run assets, as opposed to bureaucratic sloths.
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